Merger And Acquisition Of A Merger - 1962 Words

A merger takes place when two companies joint together to form a single company. A merger is alike to a takeover or acquisition, except that in the case of a merger remaining stakeholders of both companies involved retain a shared interest in the new company. By contrast, in an acquisition one company purchases a bulk of a second company’s stock, creating an uneven balance of ownership in the new combined company. Acquisition refers to buying out another company and taking it into the fold of the acquiring company. This is done by paying the acquired company, the value of its capital and depending upon the situations, a premium over the capital amount. Acquisitions and mergers both involve one or multiple companies purchasing all or part of another company. The main difference between a merger and an acquisition is how they are financed. By acquiring a small company with a good technology, a big company can develop a competitive advantage for example; recently Facebook acquire d Instagram and Whatsapp. This means to stay competitive; company needs to remain on top of technological development and buyer will need to pay an amount if they want to acquire the company and for seller, that premium represents their company s future growth. Merger or acquired its increases the capital of small company. HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING HR should know the vision, and strategic plans of the company need of the company, management of all aspects of HR. Essentially, good HR planning will ensureShow MoreRelatedMergers : Merger And Acquisitions Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesMergers and acquisitions have been prevalent amid companies in the United States for decades. Many believed that merger and acquisition strategies played a critical in the rebuilding of companies domestically three to four decades ago and continue to produce the same benefits today. Merger and acquisitions are used by companies to produce greater worth for stockholders and shareholders. Mergers involve a minimum of two establishments partnering together to form a more effective and efficient companyRead MoreMergers : Mergers And Acquisitions2304 Words   |  10 Pages1. Mergers Acquisitions: Identify some differences between a merger and an acquisition? What are the different types of mergers/acquisitions (for instance, Starbucks purchasing a coffee bean farm would be a what?)? Make sure to provide an example of each type. Identify and explain some defenses to acquisition. What are the financial statement rules with respect to acquisitions? Overview of Mergers and Acquisitions A merger is when two separate companies, Company A and Company B, are joinedRead MoreMerger : Merger Or Acquisition766 Words   |  4 PagesThe present case can be framed such as merger or acquisition. A merger or acquisition is a combination of two companies where one corporation is completely absorbed by another corporation (legal-dictionary, n.d.). There are different types of mergers: †¢ Horizontal merger: when a company takes over another which offers the same or similar service or product. †¢ Vertical merger: it is the combination of two companies which are in the same value chain of producing the same good and service, but inRead MoreMergers and Acquisitions1191 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Mergers and acquisitions immediately impact organizations with changes in ownership, in ideology, and eventually, in practice. There are multiple reasons, motives, economic forces and institutional factors that can, taken together or in isolation, influence corporate decisions to engage in mergers or acquisitions. The financial risks of merging with or acquiring an organization in another country and how those risks can be mitigated are important issues for corporations to conductRead MoreMergers And Acquisitions1731 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Mergers and acquisitions, usually shortened as MA involves buying, selling, mixture of diverse corporations and particularly those that contract with comparable objects to exploit the entire revenues of the business. The chief purpose of mergers and acquisitions is to make sure that diverse businesses can be helpful in the fast development of a specific innovativeness. They do this lacking consuming to make a major, a combined scheme or a youngster object. An acquisition exactly mentionsRead MoreMergers and Acquisitions2736 Words   |  11 PagesMergers and Acquisitions In modern business environments, there are increasing dynamics encouraging firms to utilize mergers and acquisitions to resolve resource. In dynamic business environments, the value of existing resources is subject to erosion, in some instances fast erosion. Consequently, firms continuously respond to changing environmental conditions by upgrading their resources and capabilities via renewal, acquisition, redeployment, and recombination. Mergers and acquisitions provideRead MoreMergers and Acquisitions1068 Words   |  5 PagesMergers and Acquisitions Tasha Powers Dr. Michael Laverty Business 508 – Contemporary Business November 17, 2014 A merger or acquisition is a combination of two companies where one corporation is completely absorbed by another corporation. The less essential company loses its identity and becomes part of the more imperative corporation, which retains its identity. A merger extinguishes the merged corporation, and the surviving corporationRead MoreMergers and Acquisition4148 Words   |  17 PagesDo Mergers and Acquisitions always bring desired results? Individual Assignment [pic] [pic] [pic] Student Name: Mandeep Kaur (10211855) Module Leader: Simeon Scott Course: MA- IBM Introduction: For my research topic I have chosen this topic to analyse and to investigate about the mergers and acquisitions of organisations. Do these mergers and acquisitionsRead MoreMergers and Acquisition939 Words   |  4 Pagesmerged as a company. A brief definition of an Acquisition and a merger will be given following with the difference between them. I will be discussing if these two companies were a success or a failure and why and which were their reasons behind this statement. A merger is a combination of two companies, which form a new firm, while an acquisition is the purchase of one company by another in which no new company is formed. Mergers and Acquisitions take place for many strategic business reasonsRead MoreMergers and Acquisitions2638 Words   |  11 PagesWhen we talk about acquisitions or takeovers, we are talking about a number of different transactions. These transactions can range from one firm merging with another firm to create a new firm to managers of a firm acquiring the firm from its stockholders and creating a private firm. We begin this section by looking at the different forms taken by takeovers. 1. TAKEOVER A corporate action where an acquiring company makes a bid for an acquire. If the target company is publicly traded, the acquiring

Of Mice And Men Modernism - 1619 Words

One of John Steinbeck’s early drafts of his most famous work, Of Mice and Men, was eaten by his dog. This did not discourage him from finishing it and going on to write more stories and novellas, becoming one of America’s most beloved authors. John Steinbeck is seen as a very important important figure of the Modernist literary period; known for his observations of human conditions during the Dust Bowl era, mainly his book Of Mice and Men which truly takes a detailed look at the Great Depression in America, and is a great example of Modernism. John Ernst Steinbeck was born in 1902 in Salinas, California. Steinbeck was the only son to John Ernst Steinbeck Sr. and Olive Hamilton. His father was an accountant while his mother leaned more†¦show more content†¦This segwayed into Dust Bowl fiction, where he went on to write Grapes of Wrath, some say his greatest work, which at its peak, sold 10,000 copies a week. (https://www.biography.com/people/john-steinbeck-9493358). The story â€Å"summed up the bitterness of the Great Depression,† and defined his modernist and straightforward writing style. (Britannica, 11th Edition Page 240). It also raised widespread sympathy for migratory farm workers and was a best seller. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Steinbeck). He then went on to write Of Mice and Men, his critically acclaimed novella. John Steinbeck had many influences that helped him write his stories. The work he did as a young man was a big one, as well as the manual labor he did to support himself du ring his time in college. The sugared beet farm truly made him realize the horrible life that the migrant workers had, as well as giving him plenty of time to advance and explore his writing in the laboratory of the farm. Another very large influencer in his life was Edward Ricketts. He was a great friend to Steinbeck and he collaborated on writing Sea of Cortez. Edward Ricketts was a marine biologist and John Steinbeck joined him on a trip to Mexico to collect marine life. (Britannica, 11th Edition Page 240). Steinbeck adopted many of Ricketts views on life andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Modernism at Its Finest in Literature756 Words   |  4 PagesModernism at Its Finest In the beginning of the twentieth century, literature changed and focused on breaking away from the typical and predicate patterns of normal literature. Poets at this time took full advantage and stretched the idea of the mind’s conscience on how the world, mind, and language interact and contradict. Many authors, such as Fitzgerald, Steinbeck, and Twain, used the pain and anguish in first hand experiences to create and depict a new type of literature, modernism. In thisRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1659 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men Olivia Settlemires John Steinbeck - John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California, in 1902. In 1919 he went to Stanford University, where he enrolled in literature and writing courses until he left in 1925 without a degree.For the next five years he supported himself as a laborer and journalist, as well as working on his first novel, Cup of Gold (1929). After his first marriage, He published many books, such as The Pastures of Heaven (1932), The Red Pony (1933),Read MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s The Grapes Of Wrath 1594 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems of labor. After the humorous Tortilla Flat, Steinbeck decided to write a more serious novel, In Dubious Battle, in 1936. It deals with the strikes of the migratory fruit pickers on California plantations. Then in 1937 Of Mice and Men was published. Later, The Long Valley, was published in 1938. In 1939 The Grapes of Wrath was published, the story of Oklahoma tenant farmers who couldn’t earn enough money for a living, so they moved to California and became migratory workersRead MoreSteinbeck’s Quest for Friendship, Dreams, and Personality in Of Mice and Men1742 Words   |  7 PagesCurly and Lennie, two men that traveled together everywhere they went. In Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck describes friendship, dreams, and personality to describe Lennie and Curly adventures. Steinbeck believed that friendship was important. Lennie knows that George will always have his back, although Lennie cannot protect George he feels like he can (Steinbeck 14). Even though George says, he does not want Lennie with him; he does not want to leave him by himself (Steinbeck 13). When Lennie andRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Farm 2473 Words   |  10 Pagescan count on themselves and can pursue true happiness. It emphasizes the importance of the farm and what it means to Lennie. This passage contains symbolism ,the vision of the farm is a symbol of hope. It also contains conflict between the men and society. The men are struggling to keep up through the hard life they go through because of the way society is and how they are treated. They criticize one another on each other’s beliefs and how their future will turn out because they have given up on everRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1808 Words   |  8 Pagesplace else to go. If them other guy s gets in jail they can rot for all anybody gives a damn. But not us.† Before George and Lennie got to the Ranch they stop and camp out in a clearing. In this passage, George explains their relationship. In Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck honors male friendships, suggesting that they are the most adequate way to overcome the loneliness that infiltrates the world. George relates that loneliness is responsible for much of human misery. Later in the storyline, Candy, CrooksRead MoreComparing Rosemarie Seus And John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men2004 Words   |  9 PagesRosemarie Seus John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men John Steinbeck On Feb. 27, 1902, in Salinas, California, John Ernst Steinbeck Jr was born.His father, John Ernst Steinbeck worked several jobs, while his mother, Olive Hamilton Steinbeck was a former schoolteacher. Steinbeck had a mostly happy childhood – he grew up with three sisters, was smart, and formed an early appreciation for the land. Steinbeck decided to become a writer at the age of 14, writing many poems and stories. He enrolled in StanfordRead More William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying and in Virginia Woolf’s A Mark on the Wall - Subjective Narrative1514 Words   |  7 Pagesthe realization of what exactly death means. Vardaman’s indirect language and irregular logic draw the reader into his narrative, compelling them to actively read and comprehend his thoughts. This subjective narrative is a key characteristic of modernism. Another example of this modernist subjective narration comes from in Virginia Woolf’s story â€Å"A Mark on the Wall.† Woolf’s use of the stream of consciousness technique is extremely subjective, as it follows the wandering thoughts of the woman sittingRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck3583 Words   |  15 PagesCarol Henning. His other novels (ex. The pastures of heaven in 1932 and To a God unknown in 1933) were not very successful as the novel Tortilla Flat in 1935 which he got recognition for. His other short stories such as Dubious Battle in 1936, Of Mice and Men in1937 and The Long Valley in 1938 were also successful. The next novel he wrote was the Cannery Row in 1945. In 1943 Steinbeck married his second wife Gwyndolyn Conger wi th whom he had two children. Then in 1950 he married Elaine Scott that sameRead MoreThree Most Important Composers of the Twentieth Centruy2805 Words   |  11 Pageslonger primal and dissonance no longer needed to be resolved. Though Schoenberg has often been â€Å"demonized as the bogeyman of music [and] the destroyer of tuneful recreation,† he now, along with Stravinsky, represents the â€Å"quintessential exponent of modernism in music.† Schoenberg’s ground breaking work changed the way tonality was approached for the rest of the century. Schoenberg’s first revelation as a composer was the emancipation of dissonance, which meant that harmonic rules became more flexible

Leadership Reflection - 811 Words

This paper reflects on the following questions: What do you think is your passion? Why do you say this is your passion, as it may be manifested in your personality, personal history and lineage? --- As I was reflecting on this intently, I came across this online article from Harvard Business Review where Peter Drucker, one of the most influential people in the area of modern management, talked about the topic on managing oneself. And an excerpt from this article below quite interests me the most. â€Å"Most people think they know what they are good at. They are usually wrong. More often, people know what they are not good at—and even then more people are wrong than right. And yet, a person can perform only from strength. One cannot†¦show more content†¦But there is only one occupation that I felt comfortable with – teaching, a profession which my mother had been her entire life. On my end, 5 years in the academe from 1997 to 2002 somehow made me feel that I was contributing to society. And I believe I am good at it. I still do teach and facilitate trainings now on the subject of project management, and I still find it a fulfilling endeavour. Indeed, teaching is a noble profession, such that when circumstances dictated that bringing up a family is a priority in 2002, I allowed myself to explore the possibility of corporate employment. To me, it seemed that everything that I have a passion for – creating music or teaching , is either financially unstable or unattainable, and I â€Å"settled† on a career choice rather than choosing one. However, I believe that a person’s passion shifts over time and is neither destined, nor fixed. I know I will have to shift with it in order to achieve my personal fulfilment and success. I have seen this shift, and from the pattern of events that are transpiring – working from manufacturing to information technology, then to banking – my inclination is to achieve a profession where the nature of the role will be to help people, and overall contribute to society. I will have to â€Å"manage myself where I can make the greatestShow MoreRelatedReflection Of A Reflective Leadership Retreats1084 Words   |  5 Pagestemporary escapes create intentional time for individuals to reflect and assess their daily circumstances from a different perspective. Reflective leadership retreats can result in valuable insights for both individuals and groups. Description of Leadership Retreat Dreher Park in West Palm Beach, Florida served as the backdrop for the seven-hour leadership retreat that I took part in along with Mark Giarrizzo, Geralda Joseph, and Erik Thebeau on Sunday, November 16, 2014. During this full-day retreatRead MoreLeadership Reflection On Leadership And Leadership2843 Words   |  12 Pages Leadership Reflection Vincent E. M. Panuccio COM 610 Leadership Due: Dec 13, 2014 I’ve learned that there is no one leader in any team. There are many different things that someone can do within a team to be a leader and show their leadership skills. To me leadership is when someone in a team passes along knowledge or skills to someone else in the team. This knowledge or skill passed along must be beneficial and must be new knowledge and a new experience for theRead MoreReflection on Leadership1795 Words   |  7 Pages Leadership is defined as a process of increased social influence that exploits the efforts of others to accomplish certain goals or vision. It is derived from social influence, and not power or authority. Leaders motivate, inspire, convince, and coach others towards a certain vision. 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I will future delve into these qualities andRead MorePersonal Reflection On Leadership And Leadership2297 Words   |  10 Pagesthis reflection is to expose critically how I could evaluate my own experience with relation to the theories and ideas about Leadership. In other words, how this lecture and insights changed my personal notion, as well, how I could amplify my knowledge about this subject. But I assume that the most important is to demonstrate how the application of Leadership skill is relevant in my career in the future. I have chosen three topics I thought was more relevant to develop my personal reflections connectingRead MorePersonal Reflection On Leadership And Leadership2162 Words   |  9 Pagesthis reflection is to expose critically how I could evaluate my own experience with relation to the theories and ideas about Leadership. In other words, how this lecture and insights changed my personal notion, as well, how I could amplify my knowledge about this subject. But I assume that the most important is to demonstrate how the application of Leadership skill is relevant in my career in the future. I have chosen three topics I thought was more relevant to develop my personal reflections connectingRead MoreA Reflection On Strategic Leadership1276 Words   |  6 PagesA Reflection in Strategic leadership Before coming to USAWC I think that my experience and knowledge gained during the twenty-five years of service is an important quality to possess. At one point I thought: â€Å"A few years until retirement, and probably no special secrets for me to discover during academic year. I can only confirm what I know, gained some new knowledge and meet a bunch of interesting people before returning home. Much to my surprise, already after the first reading and discussionRead MoreThe Leadership Styles - Reflection1361 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership Styles - Reflection 1. 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Sustainability of Apple Inc †Background & Sustainability Area

Question: Discuss about the Sustainability of Apple Inc. Answer: Introduction Sustainability is defined as the capability of an assignment to uphold its services, operations, and reimbursement throughout its predictable existence. However as mentioned by Ghisellini et al.,(2014), the concern of sustainability must be seen within political, economic time and changing and social contexts. A project that looks like sustainable now may not be so in the future. The biggest exemplar of such project is Paddy Production of Sri Lanka. It created the foundation of the agricultural economy few years back. However, now it is not profitable at all under the current economic condition of the market. In order to develop sustainable projects, a new aspect of sustainability was introduced which is known as Sustainability Monitoring. Sustainability monitoring which is also called as sustainability evaluation, as soon as a project goes into implementation, comes into play. A lot of people call this evaluation method as a process evaluation and few people call it as a assessment and result-based monitoring. Sustainability monitoring method can help an organization to track problems related to sustainability in initial stages. Besides, it will also provide essential advice for modification which will enhance the prospects of sustainability. In order to monitor sustainability some indicators were developed. According to Singh et al., (2014), Astleithner narrowed down indicators and divided into two parts which are quantitative and qualitative. These two indicators put more emphasis on linkages across dissimilar sectors. However, ecological and financial indicators are still used as sustainability indicators by means of combination. However, as mentioned by Hjorth and Madani (2014), the different indicators for different sustainable dimensions are more suitable to monitor sustainability in an organization. Different indicators for different sustainable dimensions are hereby mentioned in the table below. Indicators Characteristics Economy Rate of unemployment: It will be monitored by the proportion of green jobs in home economy and standard proficient learning years of employees. Economic Growth: It is monitored by growth rate of GDP per annum, growth rate of GNP per annum, Net Export Growth rates (percentage boost of a countrys total exports minus the price of its total imports per annum) and Foreign Direct Investments (Capital/Earning accrued from planned FDIs per year) (Rinne et al., 2013). Environment Green Spaces: It will monitor proportion of potted areas/ waterways/ reservoirs/ parks regarding the entire amount of land area Decrease the amount of Greenhouse gasses and energy efficiency: It will be monitored trough total quantity of GHG emissions per facility, per city and per capita and proportion of total energy inspired in the metropolis that comes from renewable sources (Waas et al., 2014). Quality of Water: It will be measured by the quantity of total amount of water, score or index of water quality and percentage of inhabitants with admittance to sufficient and safe consumption water. Waste management/Recycle management: It will be monitored by recycling rate (proportion abstracted from waste watercourse) and amount of firm waste generated. Social Contribution to the society/community: It is measured by the amount of assistance provided to the local communities and number of programs implemented to help communities in trouble. Education: It is measured by the number of training programs implemented by the management to develop the skills of the employees. Health: It is measured by the steps taken by the management to keep the workplace healthy and safe (Mascarenhas et al., 2014). Besides, in some cases, the quality of healthcare services provided by the organization is also measured to figure out whether the company is maintaining social sustainability or not. Company Background Apple is an American multinational technology organization that was established in the year of 1976 as a computer making company. However, in the past years, this organization has prolonged itself into an intricate corporation that innovates in much more that just computers. Apple broke the conventional barricade in the year of 2001 and invented iPod. This invention helped the organization to become a dominant market leader in music players industry. According to Sloan et al., (2013), Apple has made noteworthy labors in the field of sustainability since 2007. They have effectively detached toxic substances from their products and empowered their facilities with 100% renewable energy. However, as mentioned by Lozano (2015), Apple is still not the leader in provisions of sustainability and has to go a long way to become a sustainable organization. In Newsweeks 2011 Green ranking, three categories were considered which are environmental impact, ecological Management (such as controversi es, certifications, programs, initiatives and policies) and disclosure. Apple was ranked 50th in the U.S rankings of Newsweek. Worldwide Apple was ranked 117th as its green score was 65 out of 100. Apples uppermost score was 71 in environmental administration where it only scored 28 in disclosure (Perrott, 2014). Apple received several criticisms for its lack of coverage and tangible goals while emission lessening. According to Lozano, (2015), there are five phases of Dunphy model which are The sustaining corporation, Efficiency, Non-responsiveness, Strategic Sustainability, Compliance and Rejection. Currently Apple belongs to the fifth phase of dunphy model which is strategic sustainability. Mostly from 2013, Apple has made sustainability as an important part of the companys business policy. Currently Apple is using rational and social capital to establish strategic benefit through determined innovation in products and services. Several communities are positively influenced and assisted by the organization. Number of initiatives is taken into account to help and support communities in different countries. Several programs are instituted to hire best talent to the organization (Benn, 2014). Training and skill development projects are also there to develop high level of competence in individuals and groups. From phase 5 of dunphy model, Apple can elevate itself to Phase 6 which is The Sustaining Corporation. This is the ultimate phase where Apple will have to strongly internalize the philosophy of working for a sustainable world. In order to achieve this stage, Apple management will have to become an active promoter of ecological sustainability values. Besides, it will have to persuade society in general and key participants in the industry (Turcu, 2013). The management is developing and following some environmental initiatives to help keep environment safe and green. However, in order to elevate itself to Phase 6, Apple will have to execute best environmental practices. On the other hand, Apple will also have to use its influence strategies to endorse sustainability policies to the governments. Sustainability Dimensions The three proportions of sustainability are Social, Environmental and Economic. Maintaining social dimensions means developing products that can improve lives of people. In order to become a socially sustainable company, it is also important to assist communities in which we live and work. On the other hand, environmental sustainability demands that companies use possessions astutely, comply with rules and regulations and decrease the adverse impact of the products that are in use. Economic dimension asks an organization to become profitable and to make products that people want. Besides, it is also important to support communities by buying local supplies and services and by paying taxes in proper way. In terms of Social sustainability, Apples biggest achievement is its Global Volunteer Program that was introduced to motivate workers to volunteer in home communities. Besides, Apple has its own learning and enlargement program that is presented across 18 factories where more than 300,000 personnel took a variety of courses (Lal, 2016). Apple launched Apple Supplier EHS Academy, that is an 18-month course that helps to enhance health and safety of the employees right through the world. From various companies, nearly 250 suppliers and 250,000 workers participated in this program (Aagaard Lindgren 2016). On the other hand, software developers at Apple make more money than in any other company in the same industry. Software developers who made iOS apps have made more than $4 billion (Hollander et al., 2016). Software developers for Android app have made less than half a million. In the case of environmental sustainability, Apple has made a great improvement since the announcement of Newsweeks U.S rankings in 2011 where it was ranked 117th. Since 2013, Apples data centers run on 100% renewable power (Kay 2016). Three of the Apples data centers located in North Carolina, Oregon and Nevada gained leadership certification in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) from the U.S Green Building Council. Recently, Apple joined hands with Duke Energy to establish a green energy tariff named as Duke Energys Green Source Rider Program. Through this program, Apple will be able to co-develop nearly six solar PV projects in North Carolina. Besides, from April 2016, Apple is using 100 percent renewable energy for their 463 stores in 14 countries (Hogevold et al., 2016). This renewable energy of Apple is produced by the organization itself by developing its own solar arrays, micro-hydro generation systems and biogas fuel cells. In order to reduce carbon footprint of the faci lities, the organization is discovering ways to reduce emissions from business fleet vehicles. Apple waste management team disposes hazardous waste responsibly. The management of the organization executed regular audits of the transportation, disposal and storage facilities (TSDF), where any kind of hazardous waste are sent to be incinerated, treated and recycled (Schoormann et al., 2016). Only the facilities that are approved by the management are allowed to accept and treat hazardous waste. Apple management is also working hard to minimize their water use. Use of water is monitored within their cooling, landscaping and cleanliness methods and at their production facilities. Then proper procedures are established to reduce it. For example, intelligent irrigation systems are installed that is capable of monitoring weather and deploy water only where needed. From 2015, Apple management has started to collect even more refined data in order to empower their conservation strategy. A team is deployed by Apple that begun to measure the amount of water which is required to manufacture the Apple products (Bocken et al., 2016). After measuring, now the organization is identifying the high, medium and low scarcity areas where water is used in facilities. It will help the company to focus their efforts where they matter most. Sustainability Area For this report, among three dimensions, environmental dimension is selected. Environmental Indicators and monitoring Indicators Methods to analyze Challenges Green Space In order to monitor and analyze this indicator, Apple will have to make sure that its facilities has ample amount of green places such as parks, where employees can enjoy their leisure. Apple facilities are already bigger than any other organization in the same industry. Developing new green area will become quite difficult for the organization in terms of money and free space. Reduce emission of greenhouse gasses/reduce carbon footprint Carbon Footprint software Implementation challenge Water management IWRM (Integrated water resources management) Implementation challenge Waste management Cradle to Cradle/Cradle to Grave Carbon footprint software can be used by Apple in order to monitor carbon footprint and emission of greenhouse gasses. This instrument leverages the information of the Carbon Trust to decrease both the time taken and price of evaluating the carbon footstep. Besides, it is intended in a way that it will fulfill the globally-recognized product carbon footprint standards, GHG Protocol Product Standards and the PAS 2050. It will help develop a framework, which enables primary data to be entered easily and quickly. It will include a huge record of secondary data that is submissive with the PAS2050 and GHG Protocol Standards (Andersson Ohman 2016). A set of calculators are also included in the system that are intended to reduce difficulty and guarantee constancy. Besides, a hotspot calculator is also added to evaluate a top-line footprint very quickly, without needing a comprehensive data-gathering process. The main challenge to use this software for monitoring process would the process o f implementation. Besides, Apple will have to again train its employees to use this software properly. Any mishandling will generate biased and inappropriate data which is extremely harmful for the organization. Sustainable water management can be monitored through IWRM that will challenge traditional and fractional water management systems (Morioka et al., 2016). It will put more emphasis on incorporated approaches with more synchronized decision making transversely sectors and scales. IWRM will help to achieve mostly three objectives which are, Effectiveness to make water resources go as far as probable Equity, in the allotment of water diagonally dissimilar facilities and factories Environmental sustainability, to save water assets base and related ecosystems According to Rajala et al., (2016), IWRM must be viewed as a method rather than a one-shot approach. However, there is nothing like perfect IWRM system. The entire process of IWRM is shown in the figure below. This is an effective process for water management. However, implementation of this method will not be an easy task. Management of Apple will have to spend a lot of money to develop a team to implement this method in the workplaces. Besides, the management will also have to change the entire existing structure of the workplace to properly implement this model which is quite impossible for Apple. Sustainable waste management can be achieved by using Cradle to Grave (C2G) systems or Cradle to Cradle (C2C). Cradle to grave system is known to explain the linear and in one direction flow of resources from underdone resources into waste, that needs removal (Bocken et al., 2016). On the other hand, Cradle to cradle system mostly puts more emphasis on developing industrial systems so that materials flow in a closed loop cycle. It means, waste products can be recycled easily. C2C system deals with the issues by addressing the problems at its source by re-defining the problem. As mentioned by Quigley (2016), the primary three tenets of C2C are use of solar income; waste equals food, and enjoying diversity. C2C also focuses on developing a technical metabolism that is called as a closed loop system where resources travel through cycles of construction, use, revival and remanufacture. There will be minimum amount of challenges for Apple in terms of Waste management. There will be minor issues when the management will implement this process. However, the organization will not have to change its current structure entirely for this new method. These steps and methods can be used by Apple to elevate themselves to the next phase of Dunphy model. However, in order to remain in the phase 6, management of the organization will have to keep using these methods and will have to keep the environment safe and secure. Conclusion In the end, it can be concluded that Apple initially was not famous for its sustainable operations. Its rival organizations ranked better than them. That was the time, when the management of the organization decided to bring change in its operations. Since 2013, the organization has made several successful efforts to improve its sustainability. In this report, the discussion is provided about Apples sustainability in terms of social and environmental. From the discussion it is seen that in both the dimensions that organization is performing extremely well. However, in this report, the complete focus has been given to the environmental sustainability of the organization. Currently, the organization is in the phase 5 of Dunphu model. However, it is possible for them to elevate to the next level. A complete list of indicators is provided in the assignment, though which Apple management can elevate the company into the next stage of sustainability. References Aagaard, A., Lindgren, P. (2016). Understanding and evaluating the levels of sustainability in business models over time and across dimensions.Long Range Planning. Andersson, P. hman, J, (2016). 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